Reports suggest that the top rate Income Tax band could be scrapped in the next few years. It could cut your tax bill and, somewhat counterintuitively, could increase how much the Treasury takes in tax.
According to a report in Citywire, chancellor Rishi Sunak has drawn up plans to cut taxes ahead of the 2024 election, and Income Tax is one of his main targets. It’s suggested that not only will Sunak cut the basic rate of Income Tax by 2p but he will also scrap the top 45% Income Tax band.
For the 2022/23 tax year, Income Tax bands are:
The reported cuts would mean that the basic rate of Income Tax would fall from 20% to 18%. This would save basic-rate taxpayers up to £750 a year.
If you’re an additional-rate taxpayer, the changes could significantly reduce your Income Tax bill. It would mean that earnings above £150,000 would be liable for Income Tax at a rate of 40% rather than 45%.
While your Income Tax bill would go down, scrapping the additional-rate tax band could harm your pension savings. Under the current rules, you can claim tax relief on your pension contributions at your nominal Income Tax rate.
So, if you’re an additional-rate taxpayer, it could mean your pension tax relief falls from 45% to 40%.
Sunak’s plans follow a report from the Office for Budget Responsibility that found the government’s tax hikes in the last two years, including a rise in National Insurance contributions, will mean the tax burden on the public will reach its highest levels since the 1950s.
How would scrapping the additional-rate tax band affect the economy?
With the UK government facing a black hole in its finances following the pandemic, you may think that cutting the highest rate of Income Tax could negatively affect the economy. You may assume it would mean the government would collect less in taxes, yet the opposite could be true.
Economist Arthur Laffer developed the Laffer Curve theory, which shows the relationship between tax rates and the amount of tax collected by governments. It’s often used to support arguments that governments should cut tax rates to increase revenue.
The Laffer Curve argues that when taxes are too high, taxable activities, such as working or investing, are discouraged. So, while some people may pay a higher rate of tax, total tax revenue falls.
In contrast, lower tax rates could encourage more people to work and invest to grow their wealth as individually they’ll be liable for less tax. If lower taxes encourage this behaviour in the majority of the population, the government’s revenues increase.
The graph below shows how the Laffer Curve theory has an optimal point for collecting the maximum revenue in taxes. After this point, despite taxes rising, tax revenue falls.
Source: Investopedia
So, could cutting the additional-rate Income Tax band increase tax revenue? The Laffer Curve theory suggests the answer could be “yes”, but it can’t be guaranteed.
The Laffer Curve theory isn’t without its critics, and some argue that it’s based on simplistic assumptions. The optimal point for maximising tax revenues also isn’t easy to calculate. It will depend on a huge variety of factors, some of which are likely to change over time.
Incorporating tax changes into your financial plan
While you can’t control what Sunak’s plans are or the outcomes of them, it’s still important to consider changes when reviewing or creating a financial plan.
A change to Income Tax rates and bands could mean you have more income to save, invest, or spend. But, on the other hand, as mentioned above, it could mean paying into your pension is no longer as tax-efficient.
We’re here to help you create a balanced financial plan and to offer advice when changes could affect you. Please contact us to discuss what steps you can take to minimise Income Tax and make the most of your money.
Please note: This blog is for general information only and does not constitute advice. The information is aimed at retail clients only.
HM Revenue and Customs practice and the law relating to taxation are complex and subject to individual circumstances and changes which cannot be foreseen.
